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James Black (pharmacologist)
Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010〔) was a Scottish pharmacologist. Black established the physiology department at the University of Glasgow, where he became interested in the effects of adrenaline on the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958 and, while there, developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. Black was also responsible for the development of cimetidine, a H2 receptor antagonist, a drug used in a similar manner to treat stomach ulcers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for work leading to the development of propranolol and cimetidine.〔〔(James Black tells his life story at Web of Stories )〕
== Early life and education ==
Black was born on 14 June 1924 in Uddingston, Lanarkshire, the fourth of five sons of a Baptist family which traced its origins to Balquhidder, Perthshire.〔 His father was a mining engineer.〔 He was brought up in Fife, educated at Beath High School, Cowdenbeath, and, at the age of 15, won a scholarship to the University of St Andrews.〔 His family had been too poor to send him to university and he had been persuaded to sit the St Andrews entrance exam by his maths teacher at Beath.〔
Until 1967, University College, Dundee was the site for all clinical medical activity for the University of St Andrews. He matriculated at University College (which eventually became the University of Dundee) in 1943 and graduated from University of St Andrews School of Medicine with an MB ChB in 1946.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2010/03/it-is-with-great-sadness-that-we.html )〕 During his time at St Andrews, Black lived in St Salvator's Hall.
After graduating, he stayed at University College to join the physiology department as an assistant lecturer before taking a lecturer position at the University of Malaya.〔〔 Black had decided against a career as a medical practitioner as he objected to what he considered the insensitive treatment of patients at the time.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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